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The Romic Alphabet, sometimes known as the Romic Reform, is a phonetic alphabet proposed by Henry Sweet. It descends from Ellis's ''Palæotype'' and English Phonotypic Alphabet, and is the direct ancestor of the International Phonetic Alphabet. In Romic every sound had a dedicated symbol, and every symbol represented a single sound. There were no capital letters; there were letters derived from small capitals, though these were distinct letters. There were two variants, Broad Romic and Narrow Romic. Narrow Romic utilized italics to distinguish fine details of pronunciation; Broad Romic was cruder, and in it the vowels had their English "short" sounds when written singly, and their "long" sounds when doubled: Sweet adopted from Ellis and earlier philologists a method creating new letters by rotating existing ones, as in this way no new type would need to be cast: The IPA letter acquired its modern pronunciation and first use with this alphabet. He resurrected two Anglo-Saxon letters, ash and eth , and borrowed the Greek letter theta , which had the pronunciations they retain in the IPA. He used for and for . ==Tables== Aspiration is written etc. Dark L is a turned ʟ (mirror image of г). In "wide" vowels, the tongue is described as relaxed and flattened; in "narrow", it is tense and more convex. Lax vowels are indicated by italic type, unless the tense vowel is a rotated letter (back, unrounded vowels), in which case it is turned right-side up. Sweet's letters are given below with their IPA values. In the case of the back unrounded vowels, the description of their place of articulation does not accord well with the words given as examples. These are defined by Sweet as: :i: French ''fini'', e: French ''été'', æ: English ''air'', occasionally ''end'' :y: French ''lune'', ə: French ''peu'', œ: French ''peur'' :ih: Northern Welsh ''taɡu'', eh: German ''Gabe'', æh: English ''bird'' :uh: Swedish ''hus'', oh & ɔh (NA) :Ɐ variety of ɐ, ɐ: English ''but'', ɒ: occasionally Scottish ''but'' :u: French ''sou'', o: German ''so'', ɔ: English ''saw'' These are defined by Sweet as: :''i'': English ''bit'', ''e'': Danish ''træ'', occasionally English ''end'', ''pity'', ''æ'': English ''man'' :''y'': German ''schützen'', ''ə'' North German ''schön'', ''œ'' (NA) :''i''h: occasionally English ''pretty'', ''e''h: start of English ''eye'' (), ''æ''h: start of English ''how'' () :''u''h: Swedish ''upp'', ''o''h: French ''homme'', ''ɔ''h (NA) :ᴀ variety of ɐ, a: English ''father'', ''ɑ'': Scottish & broad London ''father'' :''u'': English ''full'', ''o'': Northern German ''stock'', ''ɔ'': English ''not'' Vowel length is indicated with , as in () and (); nasality with an italic nasal, such as or the four French vowels, . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Romic alphabet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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